Class 10 Science Chapter 6: Control and Coordination – NCERT Solutions Notes Control and Coordination is an important biology chapter in Class 10 Science. It explains how living organisms respond to stimuli using the nervous system and hormones, and how plants and animals coordinate activities. These notes are structured for clear understanding and NCERT-based revision. Key Concepts Control and Coordination It is the process by which organisms detect changes in their environment and respond to them in a proper way. Main systems involved: Nervous system Endocrine (hormonal) system Nervous System in Humans Structure Brain Spinal cord Nerves Neuron (Basic Unit) A neuron has three parts: Dendrite (receives signal) Cell body (processes signal) Axon (transmits signal) Types of Nervous Actions Voluntary actions Controlled by brain (e.g., writing, walking) Involuntary actions Controlled automatically (e.g., heartbeat, breathing) Reflex actions Quick automatic response (e.g., withdrawing hand from heat) Human Brain Main parts: Forebrain Thinking Memory Intelligence Midbrain Visual and auditory reflexes Hindbrain Cerebellum: balance Medulla: heartbeat, breathing Reflex Arc Pathway followed during reflex action: Receptor → Sensory neuron → Spinal cord → Motor neuron → Effector Endocrine System It uses hormones for control and coordination. Hormones Chemical messengers released by glands. Important Hormones Insulin: controls blood sugar Thyroxine: controls metabolism Adrenaline: fight or flight response Growth hormone: body growth Coordination in Plants Plants do not have a nervous system but respond using hormones. Plant Hormones Auxin: growth Gibberellin: stem elongation Cytokinin: cell division Abscisic acid: growth inhibitor Movement in Plants Phototropism: response to light Geotropism: response to gravity NCERT Important Questions (Concept Based) What is reflex action? A quick, automatic response to a stimulus. What is the function of hormones? They control and coordinate body activities. Why do plants not need a nervous system? Because their responses are slow and chemical-based. Important Diagrams to Revise Neuron structure Human brain Reflex arc Endocrine glands Why this chapter is important This chapter is frequently asked in exams in: Diagrams Hormone functions Reflex arc questions Difference between nervous and hormonal control Final Revision Tip Focus on: Structure of neuron Brain parts and functions Reflex arc Hormones and their roles Plant hormones